Definition and Structure:
MOTS-c is composed of 16 amino acids (sequence: MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR), the molecular formula is C101H152N28O22S2, the molecular weight is 2174.59 Da, and is a white to off-white solid. Its small molecular structure makes it easy to diffuse in cells and interact with targets.
Biological Functions:
♔ Metabolic Regulation:
MOTS-c enhances glucose uptake, improves sensitivity, and regulates fatty acid oxidation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibiting the folate cycle. Experiments have shown that it can reverse obesity and resistance induced by a high-fat diet, and even exhibits anti-diabetic potential in mouse models.
♔ Anti-aging & Cell Protection:
MOTS-c is associated with life extension by improving mitochondrial function, activating antioxidant pathways, and delaying cell aging phenotypes. Studies have found that it can reduce oxidative stress damage, maintain mitochondrial homeostasis, and thus protect cell function.
♔ Antiviral & Immune Regulation:
The latest studies show that MOTS-c inhibits viral replication and improves liver function in chronic hepatitis B (HBV) infection by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and activating antiviral signaling pathways, providing new ideas for the treatment of viral hepatitis.
Potential Applications:
◎ Treatment of Metabolic Diseases:
For metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes, MOTS-c may become a new drug target to improve insulin resistance by simulating or enhancing its activity.
◎ Anti-aging and Geriatric Disease Intervention:
Its application in delaying aging, preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular diseases is being explored.
◎ Antiviral Therapy:
For viral infections such as HBV, MOTS-c's function of regulating mitochondrial dynamics provides a basis for the development of antiviral therapy.
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